Fifteen years after the adoption of a strict anti-tobacco law, smoking in public spaces remains rampant and largely unchecked in N’Djamena, the capital of Chad.
Where the law fails and smoke lingers
Walk through major hubs like the Central Market or Dembé, and the disconnect between legislation and daily life is immediate. Vendors and customers light up freely amid crowds, their cigarette smoke mingling with dust and food aromas. The scene is far from isolated—it plays out daily in markets, bus stations, and even healthcare facilities.
Local resident Pélagie, a fish seller, describes the situation with frustration: « We’re constantly surrounded by cigarette smoke here—it’s part of our daily air. There have been official decrees, but no one follows them. It’s simply unacceptable. »
Christian, another N’Djamena resident, points to a stark contrast with neighboring countries: « Many places have designated smoking areas, but here, everyone is exposed—even in schools and hospitals. The government must act. »
Invisible dangers and unprotected lives
For non-smokers, the risks are real. Passive smoking increases exposure to cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses. Children and pregnant women face heightened vulnerability. Environmental damage is another concern: discarded cigarette butts litter streets, clogging drains and posing fire hazards.
One asthmatic resident explains why they avoid restaurants entirely: « I can’t tolerate cigarette or shisha smoke. No one adheres to the rules, so I stay away. »
Laws on the books, compliance in the shadows
Chad’s anti-tobacco law, enacted in 2010, explicitly bans smoking in all public spaces, enclosed workplaces, and public transport. It also protects pregnant women and minors, with penalties outlined for violations. Additional decrees in 2019 clarified enforcement measures, and public awareness campaigns were launched by health authorities and city officials. A dedicated anti-tobacco brigade was even formed.
Yet over a decade later, enforcement remains a persistent challenge. Despite clear legal frameworks and public initiatives, compliance is minimal, leaving non-smokers unprotected and the law’s intent unfulfilled.
